The 3 Layers of the Heart Wall

The Effects Of Global Warming On Earth - 882 Words

Global warming is an increase in the overall temperature of earth atmosphere. Earth s climate is changing, temperatures are rising, snow and rainfall are shifting, and more extreme climate like heavy rainstorms and high temperatures are already affecting the society and economy. Scientists are confident that many of the observed changes are happening because of the global warming. Warming and climate are changing and increasing every year. The main Cause are by people burning fuels to generate electricity, heat and cool buildings, and power vehicles. Many cause and effects are happening in the world because of the global warming in the whole environment. Frist, most scientists agree that the main cause of the current global warming is from burning fuels on earth. One of the main sources of air pollution is burning fossil fuels like oil, gasoline, and coal. These fossil fuels come from the fossils of ancient plants and animals that lived on earth millions of years ago. Fossil fuels are burned to create energy so that we can drive cars and trucks, fly planes, make electricity, and run factories. However fossil fuels will not last forever, and we are using them up very quickly. Over the last century the burning of fuels like coal and oil has increased the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide CO2. Although, this happens because the coal or oil burning process combines carbon with oxygen in the air to make CO2. The large cities such as Shanghai in china now hasShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Global Warming On Earth1577 Words   |  7 PagesTo sustain life on earth, the earth temperature must be maintain at a very delicate figure. B ut what if the unthinkable happens? What if the earth’s temperature was to increase by a just mere half a degree, maybe a full or even two or three, the effects could be devastating to the environment, to me and to you. Unfortunately we may have the opportunity to see the effects of the earth temperature rising a few degrees in this lifetime. According to scientist, for hundreds of thousands of years, a phenomenonRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects On The Earth927 Words   |  4 PagesGlobal-Warming Mother Earth is burning as we speak; humanity has killed our precious Earth. Global-warming is a vicious killer that was created by the humans on this Earth, and there s no way to cure it. We,as humans, have the power to cleanse the Earth, but instead we destroy it. Heat is absorded by carbon dixide and greenhouse gases. A greenhouse gas absorb thermal radiation emmited by the Earth s surface. As the sun s energy reaches the Earth’s surface some of it goes back out into spaceRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The Earth901 Words   |  4 Pages What is Global Warming? Countless feel as if it is a natural phenomenon that the Earth cycles through. They are terribly mistaken. It is the effect of greenhouse gasses that are emitted by the machines we use today. These gasses are becoming trapped in the earth’s atmosphere, causing the temperature to rise. The effects of global warming are all around us and are becoming more prominent. There are already efforts in place to stop it and programs to â€Å"go green†. This climate change is a serious threatRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The Earth992 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Earth. Global warming is a problem that some people choose to ignore. They claim it doesn’t exist. Global warming is real. It is time for people to stop ignoring it and start finding a solution. What is global warming? Global warming is the result of certain gases building up in the atmosphere that block heat from escaping. These gases are causing a temperature rise in the Earth’s atmosphere and causing climate change. The rise in the Earth’s temperature has had many effects on the Earth itselfRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effect On Earth1612 Words   |  7 PagesName: Course: Title: Global Warming Introduction For over a hundred years, humans have understood the possibility of atmospheric warming due to anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. As early as 1896, Swedish chemist Svante Arrhenius predicted that a doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide would raise average global temperatures by 4.95 degrees C (9.0 degrees Fahrenheit) (Valente, 1995). The greenhouse effect, a natural phenomenon that has allowed the development of life on earth, is thought by manyRead MoreThe Effects of Global Warming on the Earth990 Words   |  4 PagesGlobal Warming Earth’s temperature is a vital aspect to Earth and its surroundings. The atmospheric temperature along with natural gases is the significant reasons why Earth inhabits all of its life. When there are changes that alter the natural affects of Earth’s environment there are factors that places the environment at risk. Increase warming of global temperatures account as a major concern of Earth’s surroundings. Global warming is a prominent source to consider how and why the environmentRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The Earth Essay1733 Words   |  7 PagesSave the Earth The Earth is slowly dying and we can save it, however, it requires some initiative. Global warming, or climate change, is a very real problem that may soon wipe out the Earth’s resources. Some of which include necessary items such as natural foods and water. This problem doesn’t just happen in some third-world country no one has heard of. This is happening right in our own back yards. This problem has a very simple solution: conserve energy, cut down on Carbon Dioxide emissionsRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The Earth Essay1320 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal warming is an increase in the earth’s average atmospheric temperature that causes corresponding changes in the climate and the may result from the greenhouse effect. Many people do not believe that this is true. There are multiple studies that provide information to prove global warming is factual. As the years go by, the more damage is being done to our atmosphere and it is affecting the earth. It i s not hard to believe that global warming affects the earth so negatively by the drastic changeRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The Earth901 Words   |  4 PagesInconvenient â€Å"by Al Gore. In this video Gore is explaining about how the earth has became hotter than it ever has before. The ten hottest years we have ever had have been in the last fourteen years. According to the video the hottest year was in 2005. From Gore’s viewpoint we as the people are causing global warming by ourselves. Because we are the ones that are causing global warming it is having some major effects on the earth. You have Mt. Kilimanjaro, which over the years has had a lot of snow onRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effect On The Earth2122 Words   |  9 PagesWhat is global warming and what is the proof that it exists? The topic of whether global warming is real and what the consequences it may have has been heavily debated for quite some time now. The reason why it has been debated f or such an extended amount of time is because there are still unknowns to confirm that global warming is a true threat to the earth. Many people do not believe in global warming because they truly do not know the basic concept of global warming. There are missing pieces to

Mktg 2101 Red Bull Case Study Free Essays

MKTG 2101 Consumer Behaviour Case Study -Red Bull: Rampaging through Global Markets 1. What segmentation base has Red Bull adopted to target customers? How should Red Bull further segment the market in the future? Red Bull have adopted a segmentation base strategy relating to market demographics. In particular the company has targeted young active people aged 16 – 29 years. We will write a custom essay sample on Mktg 2101 Red Bull Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now Red Bull also use geography, identifying mainly university students and urban professionals who needed an ‘energy boost’ throughout their busy schedules and activities. Mateschitz’ strategy aimed to target opinion leaders, believing that â€Å"the authority of one alpha bee can influence the buying habits of hundreds†. The Red Bull segmentation strategy also has an important psychographic component, particularly focussing on young people with attitudes, perceptions and lifestyles that are consistent with risk taking, fast paced and energetic behaviours; highlighted with the company motto â€Å"No Red Bull, No Wings†. In order to continue to succeed, I believe that Red Bull must optimise opportunities in the growing economies of India and China. With greater economic freedoms and increased population growth in the middle class there are millions of young people falling into an attractive demographic for the Red Bull product. These young people will be the opinion leaders of the future in their countries, therefore holding the key for a success. Ways in which the company can expand its current activities to begin the process will lie in the correct marketing strategies; in particular I believe that the continued sponsorship of extreme events in these regions will be the perfect way to introduce young people to the product in an exciting new way. . How does Red Bull arouse the motivations of customers to purchase its energy drinks? Red Bull and Mateschitz explain â€Å"we are always looking for a more creative, different point of view† (Dolan 2005) to promote and present the product to the customer. This attitude is consistent with the brand personality and the image of its customers. It is for this reason that the comp any aligns itself with the young male – fast paced and energetic, interested in extreme sports, risky behaviour and never satisfied with the last thrill. The company too, is never satisfied, continuing sponsorship of extreme sports, owning Formula 1 racing teams and even developing its own sports such as BMX bike riding, Kite Boarding, Freeskiing, paragliding and more! The company is able to continually satisfy the needs of the market, arousing the customer with exciting new promotions and events which challenge the limits of human belief. For example, the Red Bull sponsored BMX events where the riders are attempting and completing unseen tricks and ‘death defying’ acts on a weekly basis. The company has also attempted a viral marketing strategy, in order to get the product to the consumer in a cheap and effective way. However, these efforts are also well calculated, for example, the drivers of the Red Bull VW Beetle are generally extremely good looking females aged 19 – 28 years, attractive and corresponding for the targeted young male. 3. Describe the brand personality of Red Bull. Why do you think the concept of brand personality is so important to Red Bull? Brand personality allows the consumer to develop a meaningful attachment to the product. People do not develop meaningful, long lasting relationships with the thing itself, it is when the consumer is able see the product with a certain persona, with feeling and meaning; it is then that the relationship develops and potentially blossoms. Red Bull and Mateschitz understand this and have created a brand personality that embodies excitement, energy and exhilaration, â€Å"Red Bull isn’t a drink, it’s a way of life†. People are overwhelmed with the image, the amazing aura around the events and the excitement created by the athletes. Young people feel the product, the brand and the colours when they see these competitors doing the amazing things that they aspire to, enshrouded with the simple colours of silver and blue. A clean, refined image burned into their brain, connected to the memories of thrilling moments when their heart was pumping, hands were sweating and adrenalin was frantically pulsating through their bodies. By creating these experiences for their consumer Red Bull are facilitating the development of important relationships with their product. In my opinion, maintaining brand personality and relationships is imperative for Red Bull. Mateschitz himself states, â€Å"We don’t bring the product to the people. We make it available and those who love our style come to us† highlighting his acknowledgement of the importance of people aligning themselves with the brand personality and developing a meaningful and long lasting relationship with the Red Bull product References * Dolan, K. (2005). The Soda With Buzz. Forbes. com http://www. forbes. com/global/2005/0328/028 print. html * Sciffman, L. , O’Cass, A. , Paladino, A. , D’Alessandro, S. and Bednall, D. 2011. Consumer Behaviour, 5th Edition. Pearson Prentice Hall: Australia * Gschwandtner, G. (2004). The Powerful Sales Strategy Behind Red Bull. Selling Power. September. http://www. sellinpower. com How to cite Mktg 2101 Red Bull Case Study, Free Case study samples Mktg 2101 Red Bull Case Study Free Essays MKTG 2101 Consumer Behaviour Case Study -Red Bull: Rampaging through Global Markets 1. What segmentation base has Red Bull adopted to target customers? How should Red Bull further segment the market in the future? Red Bull have adopted a segmentation base strategy relating to market demographics. In particular the company has targeted young active people aged 16 – 29 years. We will write a custom essay sample on Mktg 2101 Red Bull Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now Red Bull also use geography, identifying mainly university students and urban professionals who needed an ‘energy boost’ throughout their busy schedules and activities. Mateschitz’ strategy aimed to target opinion leaders, believing that â€Å"the authority of one alpha bee can influence the buying habits of hundreds†. The Red Bull segmentation strategy also has an important psychographic component, particularly focussing on young people with attitudes, perceptions and lifestyles that are consistent with risk taking, fast paced and energetic behaviours; highlighted with the company motto â€Å"No Red Bull, No Wings†. In order to continue to succeed, I believe that Red Bull must optimise opportunities in the growing economies of India and China. With greater economic freedoms and increased population growth in the middle class there are millions of young people falling into an attractive demographic for the Red Bull product. These young people will be the opinion leaders of the future in their countries, therefore holding the key for a success. Ways in which the company can expand its current activities to begin the process will lie in the correct marketing strategies; in particular I believe that the continued sponsorship of extreme events in these regions will be the perfect way to introduce young people to the product in an exciting new way. . How does Red Bull arouse the motivations of customers to purchase its energy drinks? Red Bull and Mateschitz explain â€Å"we are always looking for a more creative, different point of view† (Dolan 2005) to promote and present the product to the customer. This attitude is consistent with the brand personality and the image of its customers. It is for this reason that the comp any aligns itself with the young male – fast paced and energetic, interested in extreme sports, risky behaviour and never satisfied with the last thrill. The company too, is never satisfied, continuing sponsorship of extreme sports, owning Formula 1 racing teams and even developing its own sports such as BMX bike riding, Kite Boarding, Freeskiing, paragliding and more! The company is able to continually satisfy the needs of the market, arousing the customer with exciting new promotions and events which challenge the limits of human belief. For example, the Red Bull sponsored BMX events where the riders are attempting and completing unseen tricks and ‘death defying’ acts on a weekly basis. The company has also attempted a viral marketing strategy, in order to get the product to the consumer in a cheap and effective way. However, these efforts are also well calculated, for example, the drivers of the Red Bull VW Beetle are generally extremely good looking females aged 19 – 28 years, attractive and corresponding for the targeted young male. 3. Describe the brand personality of Red Bull. Why do you think the concept of brand personality is so important to Red Bull? Brand personality allows the consumer to develop a meaningful attachment to the product. People do not develop meaningful, long lasting relationships with the thing itself, it is when the consumer is able see the product with a certain persona, with feeling and meaning; it is then that the relationship develops and potentially blossoms. Red Bull and Mateschitz understand this and have created a brand personality that embodies excitement, energy and exhilaration, â€Å"Red Bull isn’t a drink, it’s a way of life†. People are overwhelmed with the image, the amazing aura around the events and the excitement created by the athletes. Young people feel the product, the brand and the colours when they see these competitors doing the amazing things that they aspire to, enshrouded with the simple colours of silver and blue. A clean, refined image burned into their brain, connected to the memories of thrilling moments when their heart was pumping, hands were sweating and adrenalin was frantically pulsating through their bodies. By creating these experiences for their consumer Red Bull are facilitating the development of important relationships with their product. In my opinion, maintaining brand personality and relationships is imperative for Red Bull. Mateschitz himself states, â€Å"We don’t bring the product to the people. We make it available and those who love our style come to us† highlighting his acknowledgement of the importance of people aligning themselves with the brand personality and developing a meaningful and long lasting relationship with the Red Bull product References * Dolan, K. (2005). The Soda With Buzz. Forbes. com http://www. forbes. com/global/2005/0328/028 print. html * Sciffman, L. , O’Cass, A. , Paladino, A. , D’Alessandro, S. and Bednall, D. 2011. Consumer Behaviour, 5th Edition. Pearson Prentice Hall: Australia * Gschwandtner, G. (2004). The Powerful Sales Strategy Behind Red Bull. Selling Power. September. http://www. sellinpower. com How to cite Mktg 2101 Red Bull Case Study, Free Case study samples

Information System and Information Technology

Question: Discuss about the Information System and Information Technology. Answer: Introduction The information system and information technology has been constantly developing with the passage of time (Cornford and Shaikh, 2013). The business organizations have been using the developed technology and system for gaining more specific system and opportunities at the market. The operations and functions of the business organizations have been improved with the implementation of the Information technology and Information system. However, there are many issues related with the information technology and system that can hamper the ease of operation and processes in the organizations and industries. The report has been made for critically analyzing the aspects of information system and information technology in modern world. The report would highlight the issues, role, and implementation process for the information system and information technology. The critical evaluation of the system and technology has helped in evaluating methods for dealing with the issues of implementing the information system and information technology in various organizations. Overview of case study The study for critical evaluation of the information system and information technology in business organization has been done with the help of a case study (Aronson, Shenhar and Patanakul, 2013). The case study selected for the analysis of issues of business organizations is An Investigation of Failure in Information Systems Projects: The Case of Jordan. The case study article is the evaluation of issues and flaws for the implementation of the information system in business organization (Sweis, 2015). The case study has analyzed and categorized the issues in three types and they are content driven, process design, and context driven issues. Some recommendations for dealing with the issues of implementing information system and information technology are also been listed in the discussion of the case study. Explanation of Information technology and Information system Information system and Information technology has been confused for being the same things as they have similar term of information (Hwang and Lim, 2013). However, they are separate terms and distinctly have different meanings. The information technology is the study of technology that deals with the deployment of information system for easing the processes included in the business organization. The study, design, and implementation of the information system for the support and management of information system being controlled on a computerized structure can be understood as the information technology. The information system is the structure made by the use of information technology. It is used for creating, storing, manipulating, and distributing the information in a structured base (Ibrahim et al., 2013). The information system forms a bridge between the business processes and computer science. Both of the information system and information technology have been providing various opp ortunities for job and professional growths. Their synthesis has resulted in improving the overall facilities and system processes of business organizations. Importance of Information technology and Information system Information technology and Information system has been helpful for driving the technological development and innovation for business growth and progress (Sweis et al., (2014). The digital revolution of the business organizations has provided benefit to all fields of industries such as business services, transportation, tourism, packaging, sales, education, healthcare, and many other sectors. The important facilities provided by information system and information technology for the business growth are: Vast Data Storage: The primary benefit of the information system and information technology is the storage of accumulated data and information (Davenport, 2013). The business processes require large quantity of data and information for processing their services and information. The information system has provided the large scale data processing storage for business organization. Information system and information technology has made the data processing faster and more scalable. Solution of many problems: The use of information system and information technology has resulted in forming solutions to many problems of the business organizations (Baskerville and Wood-Harper, 2016). The information system stores the previous years data and information on a database. It can be easily accessed and scrutinized for taking important decisions. The collected data would act as the ground on which the future references and programs can be made. Innovation of operations: The use of information system and information technology would help in forming innovations in the business organizations and processes (Schwalbe, 2015). The increase in the technology structure would help the business organization to employ better services and operations for their customers. Hence, the data and information processing would be eased and improved by the use of information system and information technology. The introduction of online shopping and services has been possible due to the development of information system and information technology. Their integration on a single platform has resulted for the revolution of online facilities. The vast data storage and processing have been improved with the use of information system and information technology. Planning the implementation of Information technology and Information system The implementation of the information system and information technology has to be planned and carefully executed for making sure that the system has been implemented successfully. The planning process consists of five phases and they are requirement analysis, identification of resources, establishing and prioritizing the goals and tasks, creating assignments and timelines, and establishment of evaluation methods (Galliers and Leidner, 2014). They have been described below- Requirement analysis- In this phase, the requirements of the implementing process has been analyzed before making the plan. The requirements of the information system and technology implementation such as software, hardware, design would be analyzed (Dahlstrom, Walker and Dziuban, 2013). A proper plan is to be employed for implementing the system after analysis of requirements. Identification of resources- the second phase consists of evaluating the requirements for developing the resource sheet of the implementation process. The available resources are indentified and analyzed for the implementing process. It would help in allocating the resources for the specific processes of the information system and information technology implementation process. Establishing and prioritizing the goals and tasks- In this phase the steps that would be followed for implementation is made. The tasks have been allocated to individuals in a chronic order and are aligned to the goals of the organizations. The prioritization of the tasks is done on the basis of importance of the task and its urgency for completion. Creating assignments and timelines- In this phase the operations are scheduled for functioning. The planning process is almost completed and is ready for implication (Webster, 2014). Each of the operations of the implementation process is assigned a schedule for completion. The summations of all the schedules of operations would provide the final deadline of the implementation process. Establishment of evaluation methods- In this method the plan is evaluated for the information system and information technology implementation process. The plan is evaluated by following some evaluation methods to make sure that the plan has met all the requirements of the system operations and processing. Business management process for Information technology and Information system The management process for the implementation of the Information technology and Information system consists of formation of MIS or management information system plan that can be helpful for providing the benefit of the achieving the specific targets of business organization. The management information system would be helpful for providing the support system for the strategic, tactical, and operations of the business organization (Davies, Dean and Ball, 2013). The MIS plan consists of the evaluation of objectives, goals, and processes. The strategy of the information system would be easily managed by the use of the management information system. The architecture of the management information system helps in complying the decision making process in the organization. The process of implementing the management information system can be implied by prototyping process. The prototyping has been shown in the figure below: Issues of Information technology and Information system The Information technology and Information system implementation system would provide the benefit of ease of operations and faster services (Kellermann and Jones, 2013). However, there are many problems associated with the implemented information system and information technology in business organizations such as privacy issues, complex actions, costlier in using, and design issues. The issues in the Information technology and Information system can be divided into three types. They are process driven, context driven, and content driven issues. The list of the issues and their descriptions has been shown in the table below: S. No Issue Type Description of the issue Examples 1 Process Driven Issues These issues are related to the planning phase of the Information system. Planning phase issues can occur at any point such as business planning, project management, project planning, and change management process (Bonham-Carter, 2014). The risk factors for the implementation process would also lead to the process driven issue. Weak structure of scope, miscalculation of scope, and underestimation of time factors 2 Context Driven Issues These issues are specifically related to the Information technology and Information system both. The affect of this issue is on the system designs, knowledge source, and IT/IS professionals. Incomplete specifications, scope creep, and complexity 3 Content Driven Issues These issues are related to the environment of the information technology. The issues have deep affect on the firms culture, management structure, and internal communications. Absence of change management and lack of proactive style Table 1: Description of issues in Information technology and Information system (Source: Kellermann and Jones, 2013, pp-63) Hence, the issues of Information technology and Information system have difference of affecting area. The content driven issues have largely affected the IT in relevance to firms culture and structure. The product driven issues have affected the IS along with designing flaws and planning phase errors. The context driven issues have affect on both IT and IS as it have equal impact on scope and complexity of operations. Improvement strategies for information system The improvement of information system can be achieved by the use of change management, hybrid implementation mode, development of communication plan, and contingency planning in the implementation of the information system. They have been explained below: 8 Step model of change management: The 8 step model of John Kotter can be used for improving the information system in the business organization (Cassidy, 2016). The 8 step model was designed by Dr. Kotter for getting better results of the change implemented. The 8 steps included for the implementation of the change management are shown in the figure below: Hybrid implementation mode: The hybrid implementation mode can be used for planning the implementation of the Information technology and Information system (Stair and Reynolds, 2013). The IT systems would be suited for implementing the Information technology and Information system for the operations of the business organization. The customized IT system would be helpful for developing the advanced structure for the iterative business model. Communication plan: The use of communication plan would be helpful for providing the best solutions for the implementation process. The communication plan would be helpful for identification of the stakeholders and their interests in the project operations. The need of communication is for informing everyone in the project of implementation of Information technology and Information system about the project requirements. The use of communication plan would ensure the results for the implementation process. Contingency planning: The contingency planning would be helpful for supporting the process of the implementation of the Information technology and Information system for the business organization (Bilbao-Osorio, Dutta and Lanvin, 2013). The contingency planning consists of evaluating the risk for the implementation process and developing some strategies for mitigating the risk factors. New Business opportunities The implementation of Information technology and Information system would help in improving the operations of the business organizations. The use of IT/IS structure would provide the development of various options like online facility, app development, and cloud computing implication. The use of Information technology and Information system would provide the benefit of improving the operations. Online Facility: The online facility would be able to apply with the help of implementing the Information technology and Information system. The business organizations would use online facility for promoting their products and service for increasing their sales and revenue. App Development: The Information technology and Information system would also assist the development of mobile app. It would ease the process of the information processing and facilitate better customer experience. Cloud Computing: The cloud computing provides the benefit of the wireless data access and scalability. The use of Information technology and Information system would help in deploying the cloud services for the business organization and their processes. Conclusion It can be concluded from the information system and information technology has been developing the business organizations for gaining more specific system and opportunities at the market. The report had highlighted the issues, role, and implementation process for the information system and information technology. Both of the information system and information technology have been providing various opportunities like vast data storage, solution of many problems, and innovation of operations. Their integration on a single platform had resulted in improving the operations of business organization and vast data storage and processing of information. The processes like requirement analysis, identification of resources, establishing and prioritizing the goals and tasks, creating assignments and timelines, and establishment of evaluation methods are required for easing the process of implementing the information system in the business organization. Recommendations Some recommendations for the process of implementing the information system and information technology have been given below- Improved Planning process: The business organizations would have to implement the information system and information technology with the help of system implementation planning process that includes the activities like requirement analysis, identification of resources, establishing and prioritizing the goals and tasks, creating assignments and timelines, and establishment of evaluation methods. Implication of effective communication plan: The effective communication plan would be helpful for providing the ease of information sharing and discussion of problems for developing solutions. The channelizing of the issues and flaws in the project of implementing the information system would be helpful for formation of flawless plans. Scope and Change management: The utilization of the change management and scope management would help in the process more concise and aligned to the goals of the business organization. References Aronson, H., Shenhar, J., Patanakul, P. (2013). Managing the Intangible Aspects of a Project: The Affect of Vision, Artifacts, and Leader Values on Project Spirit and Success in Technology-Driven Projects. Project Management Journal, vol. 44, pp- 3558. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2348759 [Accessed 15 Jan. 2017] Baskerville, R.L. Wood-Harper, A.T. (2016). A critical perspective on action research as a method for information systems research. InEnacting Research Methods in Information Systems: Volume 2(pp. 169-190). Springer International Publishing. Bilbao-Osorio, B., Dutta, S. Lanvin, B. (2013, April). The global information technology report 2013. InWorld Economic Forum(pp. 1-383). Bloom, N., Garicano, L., Sadun, R. Van Reenen, J. (2014). The distinct effects of information technology and communication technology on firm organization.Management Science,vol. 60, no. 12, pp.2859-2885. Bonham-Carter, G.F. (2014).Geographic information systems for geoscientists: modelling with GIS(Vol. 13). Elsevier. Cassidy, A. (2016).A practical guide to information systems strategic planning. CRC press. Cornford, T., Shaikh, M. (2013). Introduction to Information Systems. University of London. Dahlstrom, E., Walker, J.D. Dziuban, C. (2013).ECAR study of undergraduate students and information technology. 2013. Davenport, T.H. (2013).Process innovation: reengineering work through information technology. Harvard Business Press. Davies, R.S., Dean, D.L. Ball, N. (2013). Flipping the classroom and instructional technology integration in a college-level information systems spreadsheet course.Educational Technology Research and Development,vol. 61, no. 4, pp.563-580. Friedman, B., Kahn Jr, P.H., Borning, A. Huldtgren, A. (2013). Value sensitive design and information systems. InEarly engagement and new technologies: Opening up the laboratory(pp. 55-95). Springer Netherlands. Galliers, R.D. Leidner, D.E. (2014).Strategic information management: challenges and strategies in managing information systems. Routledge. Hwang, B., Lim, E. (2013). Critical Success Factors for Key Project Players and Objectives: Case Study of Singapore. ASCE, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, vol. 139, no. 2, 204-215. https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000597 [Accessed 15 Jan. 2017] Ibrahim, R. Ayazi, E., Nasrmalek, S., Nakhat, S. (2013). An Investigation of Critical Failure Factors In Information Technology Projects, IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM), vol. 10, no. 3, 87-92 Kellermann, A.L. Jones, S.S. (2013). What it will take to achieve the as-yet-unfulfilled promises of health information technology.Health Affairs,vol. 32 no. 1, pp.63-68. Schwalbe, K. (2015).Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Stair, R. Reynolds, G. (2013).Principles of information systems. Cengage Learning. Sweis, R. (2015). An Investigation of Failure in Information Systems Projects: The Case of Jordan.Journal of Management Research, [online] vol. 7, no. 1, pp.173-186. Available at: https://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jmr.v7i1.7002 [Accessed 15 Jan. 2017]. Sweis,R., Shannak,R., Abu El Samen, A., Suifan, T. (2014). Factors affecting quality in the Jordanian housing sector. International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis, vol. 7, no. 2, 175-188. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJHMA-01-2013-0004 [Accessed 15 Jan. 2017] Webster, J. (2014).Shaping women's work: Gender, employment and information technology. Routledge.